The term “stoma” refers to a mouth or opening. A urinary stoma, also known as a urostomy, involves creating a pouch from the patient’s small intestine to divert urine outside the body without using the bladder.
Complications of a urinary stoma can include skin issues, bleeding, irritation, leaks, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Skin Complications
A urinary stoma can cause soreness and discomfort, with potential leaks leading to further skin damage. These complications may arise from a poorly fitted stoma appliance. To avoid this, it is crucial to cut a properly sized hole in the stoma bag that fits snugly around the stoma, leaving no gaps. Regular measurement of the stoma size is necessary as it can change with weight fluctuations. Gaps can be filled with stoma paste to stop leaks.
A rash or allergic reaction to the bag’s wafer can result in itching and weeping skin, making it difficult for the stoma bag to adhere properly and causing leaks. A nurse can provide advice and product recommendations for treating the rash.
Stoma Leakage
Improperly fitted stoma bags can cause leaks, as can rapid filling or loose output. While occasional leaks are not alarming, patients should be aware that factors like an upset stomach, dietary changes, anxiety, and stress can impact output and increase leak risk. Ensuring there are no gaps in the wafer and that the hole fits tightly around the stoma can help prevent leakage.
Urostomy Bag Leakage
The bag may leak due to moist skin, dips or creases in the abdomen, or a flat or retracted stoma.
Patients should ensure their skin is dry before applying a stoma pouch. If there are dips or creases, using paste, washers, or different pouches may help the adhesive conform to the body’s shape. For flat or retracted stomas, a stoma pouch with a convex flange may be necessary.
Bleeding Stoma
Stomas can bleed easily due to their high vascularity. Rubbing the bag around the stoma can cause minor bleeding, which is typically not concerning. However, if bleeding originates from inside the stoma, it may indicate intestinal bleeding, and the patient should contact their physician.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Stoma patients can develop UTIs, with symptoms such as:
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Thicker or darker urine
- Shivering
- Vomiting
- High temperature
- Nausea
Tips for Preventing Urinary Stoma Complications
To maintain stoma health, patients can:
- Stay hydrated
- Eat yogurt with live cultures
- Drink cranberry juice
- Clean the stoma properly
- Be careful when applying the pouch
- Use specialized gels and washes to prevent urinary crystals
Choose UCI Pelvic Health Center
If you are experiencing complications with your urinary stoma, contact UCI Pelvic Health Center for expert assistance. Our dedicated team offers personalized care to address skin issues, leaks, and other concerns. With advanced treatments and compassionate support, we ensure you live comfortably and confidently.